Answer: Complex IV, also known as cytochrome c oxidase, oxidizes cytochrome c and transfers the electrons to oxygen, the final electron carrier in aerobic cellular respiration. The cytochrome proteins a and a3, in addition to heme and copper groups in complex IV transfer the donated electrons to the bound dioxygen species, converting it into molecules of water. The free energy from the electron transfer causes 4 protons to move into the intermembrane space contributing to the proton gradient. Oxygen reduces via the following reaction:
2 cytochrome c(red) + ½O2 + 4 H+(matrix) -> 2 cytochrome c(ox) + 1 H2O + 2 H+(intermembrane)
Explanation:
In the electron transport chain (ETC), the electrons go through a chain of proteins that increases its reduction potential and causes a release in energy. Most of this energy is dissipated as heat or utilized to pump hydrogen ions (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and create a proton gradient. This gradient increases the acidity in the intermembrane space and creates an electrical difference with a positive charge outside and a negative charge inside. The ETC proteins in a general order are complex I, complex II, coenzyme Q, complex III, cytochrome C, and complex IV.
Answer:
<em>Both the parents are carriers of sickle cell anaemia.</em> A carrier can be described as a person who carries a diseased causing allele but the allele is not functional in the body of the person due to the dominant allele suppressing its activity. Such kind of people might produce children actually having the disease.
In the above scenario, <em>there is a 25% chance that the children born will be normal. </em>
<em>There is a 50 percent chance that the children born will be carriers, like the parents.</em>
<em>There is a 25% chance that the child born from these parents might have sickle cell anaemia.</em>
You can only see certain constellations at certain times of the year
The food we eat since the most of our shellfish requires calcium.
The correct answer is A. some energy is wasted as heat.
Energy is transferred between organisms through the food in a food chin. Food chain begins with producers. They make food using solar energy. They are eaten by primary consumers which are in turn eaten by secondary consumers and so on. Large amounts of energy are lost from the ecosystem when energy is transferred from one organisms to the next. In biologic systems, large amount of energy is lost as metabolic heat when the organisms are consumed by the next level.
