C, Minerva disguises him as an old beggar. The idea is that he wants to go unrecognized when he returns home to his people. You can figure that he's an old beggar based on phrases like "a man of miseries" and "uncouth".
However, if you have trouble reading older texts, websites like Sparknotes and Shmoop are great for getting summaries.
It is false that the connotations of a word have little effect on its literal meaning. Connotation are your personal feelings that a certain word evokes when you think about it/read it/write it.
For example, the word home means a house, but its connotation is usually positive - you connect it with love, warmth, etc.
The argument relies on claims that are not backed up by facts
“I saw you at the practice run…”