<h2>
ADVANTAGE OF JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES</h2>
1. LARGE CAPITAL: The outstanding advantage is that it allows vast mobilization of capital which otherwise is not possible to arrange. In a public company, there is no limit to the number of members. A very large number of people acquire interest in the company by purchasing shares.
<h2>DISADVANTAGE OF JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES</h2>
1. FRAUDULENT MANAGEMENT: Frauds have been a common feature of many a company. The promoters and directors may indulge in fraudulent practices. The company law has devised various methods to check the fraudulent practices but they have not proved to check them completely.
Answer: Centralization refers to the hierarchical level within an organisation that has authority to make decisions. When decision making is kept at the top level, the organisation is centralized.
Explanation:
Basically, the 11th amendments prohibits federal courts from hearing certain lawsuits against states.
Hope this helps :)
Answer:
A I think
Explanation: I don't know if this is right friend, But I least I tried:)