Theory of macroeconomics which dominated the Reagan administration was supply-side economics. The answer to your question is D. I hope this is the answer that you are looking for and it comes to your help.
Answer:
this represents response to the environment
Germline mutation is the types of the mutation of the respective cell can be passed to the offspring.
<u>Explanation:</u>
During the sexual reproduction somatic mutations occur in the nonreproductive cells, they are passed to the daughter cells during the mitosis but not to be the offsprings.
During the sexual reproduction, a mutation is used in large scale evolution that can be passed to the offsprings.
Its occurs in the cells such as egg and the sperm are called as the germ line mutations. A single sperms line mutation have a light effect in the gene but there is no change in the phenotype.
Answer:
The correct answer is B. Isotopes of an element differ in the number of neutrons.
Explanation:
Isotopes are atoms of the same chemical element, and therefore with the same number of protons, in which the number of neutrons in the atom core differs. According to current models, an atom consists of an atomic nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons. The core consists of a number of protons and a number of neutrons. The number of protons determines the atomic number of the element and also the chemical properties. The number of neutrons determines, among other things, the stability of the nucleus and, together with the number of protons, the atomic mass. Two atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called two isotopes of the same element.
Superantigens cause the stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines.
- Some pathogens in an unusual way take over the immune system and mislead it by interfering in the adaptive immune system.
- Instead of processing by APC (Antigen Presenting Cells), superantigen is directly bonded to MHC-II (Major histocompatibility complex) and TCR (T cell receptor) for a longer period than normal.
- As a result, about 20% of T cells are stimulated to produce cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (INF-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) known as Cytokine storm. Thereby, affected individuals experience some adverse symptoms like toxic shock syndrome and rheumatic fever.
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