In 1798 the United States stood on the brink of war with France. The Federalists believed that Democratic-Republican criticism of Federalist policies was disloyal and feared that aliens living in the United States would sympathize with the French during a war. As a result, a Federalist-controlled Congress passed four laws, known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts. These laws raised the residency requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years, authorized the President to deport aliens, and permitted their arrest, imprisonment, and deportation during wartime. The Sedition Act made it a crime for American citizens to "print, utter, or publish . . . any false, scandalous, and malicious writing" about the Government.
The laws were directed against Democratic-Republicans, the party typically favored by new citizens, and the only journalists prosecuted under the Sedition Act were editors of Democratic-Republican newspapers. Sedition Act trials, along with the Senate’s use of its contempt powers to suppress dissent, set off a firestorm of criticism against the Federalists and contributed to their defeat in the election of 1800, after which the acts were repealed or allowed to expire. The controversies surrounding them, however, provided for some of the first testings of the limits of freedom of speech and press.
Answer:
It was difficult for Congress to fulfill its duties under the Articles of Confederation because Congress lacked the power to regulate foreign trade, and most congressional decisions required the approval of at least nine states.
Explanation:
According to the Articles of Confederation, the member states had their own foreign policy and armed forces. Member states also had the right to resign from the Confederacy. Each member state had one vote in the Unicameral Congress. The Congress elected a committee consisting of one representative from each member state to conduct the foreign and security policy. It elected a president from among its members for a year at a time. Congress had little power because it had no taxing power and could not make decisions binding on member states. In nominal terms, Congress had the power to conduct foreign, military and monetary policy, but it could not compel a member state to allocate funds. With the exception of foreign policy, the decisions of the central government were only recommendations which were not binding on the states and for which the central government had no powers, prerogatives or military powers. All major decisions also required the unanimity of the states.
Answer:
germany, italy, and japan.
... as a response to US support of Israel in its 1973 war against a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria.
OPEC stands for the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Within that, there was also the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), formed in 1968. In 1973, OAPEC said they would cut oil production "until the Israeli forces are completely evacuated from all the Arab territories occupied in the June 1967 war." (The 1973 war was being fought to regain control of territories lost to Israel in 1967.) Egypt and Syria were both members of OAPEC, and they and other Arab nations were seeking leverage in the struggle with Israel and positioning for post-war settlements.
The correct answer is B. Albrecht Durer created the above Christian portrait of Saint James for the purpose of conveying the powerful presence of the apostle and remind people of the beginnings of Christianity.
Albrecht Durer is the most famous artist of the German Renaissance, known throughout the world for his paintings, drawings, engravings and theoretical writings on art.
His engravings reached great diffusion and inspired many later creators, including the Nazarenes of the 19th century and the German expressionists of the early twentieth century.
