The reaction of France and Britain to the Soviet invasion and annexation of Eastern Poland was muted, since neither country expected or wanted a confrontation with the Soviet Union at that time. Under the terms of the Polish-British Common Defence Pact of August 25th, 1939, the British had promised assistance if a European power attacked Poland. A secret protocol of the pact, however, specified that the European power referred to Germany. When Polish Ambassador Edward Raczyński reminded Foreign Secretary Lord Halifax of the pact, he was bluntly told that it was Britain's business whether to declare war on the Soviet Union. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain considered making a public commitment to restore the Polish state but in the end issued only general condemnations. This stance represented Britain's attempt at balance: its security interests included trade with the Soviets that would support its war effort and the possibility of a future Anglo-Soviet alliance against Germany. Public opinion in Britain was divided between expressions of outrage at the invasion and a perception that Soviet claims to the region were reasonable.
side note: I found this information with this link, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland
I think it would be Historiography
Sorry if I’m not right.

- <u>Survival</u> is correct option
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- The word civilization is used to indicate a positive, progressive and inclusive development of human society.
- Civilized societies are often characterized by advanced agriculture, long distance trade, commercial specialization and urbanization etc.
Baron de Montesquieu is very popular for his book. The Spirit of the Laws is about the ideal organization of government.
- In Baron's book titled the Spirit of the Laws he talked in favor of a constitutional system of government and the separation of powers.
He wanted an end to slavery and the upholding of civil liberties and the law. He was of the opinion that uniting these powers, as in the monarchy of Louis XIV, would cause despotism.
The Spirit of the Laws gave an overview of human laws and social institutions.
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More space had to be made for roads so walkways got smaller. Additionally the amount of people who died by increased and that eventually lead to safety regulations and traffic laws.
Positively , as automobile technology advance people were able to get around quicker with less effort