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umka21 [38]
3 years ago
7

Computer _____ begins with regular maintenance of the computer system such as firewalls, antivirus programs, defragmentation, de

leting temporary internet files, cookies, and the internet history.
Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Dima020 [189]3 years ago
4 0
Computer checkup/maintenance. You forgot to mention windows updates, it is critical to perform that action as well cause of the recent ransomeware malware that is going around lately and Microsoft and other OS vendors yes even Apple have released patches to prevent it spreading even further. 
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One of the earlier applications of crypto-graphic hash functions was the storage of passwords to authenticate usersin computer s
vagabundo [1.1K]

Answer: provided in the explanation part.

Explanation:

This is actually quite long but nevertheless i will make it as basic as possible.

Question (a)  

Attack A:

One way property of hash means that we can't find the input string if given the hash value. The calculation of hash from input string is possible but it is not possible to calculate the input string when given the hash. If the hash function is properly created to have one-way property then there is no way of finding the exact input string. So this attack won't work as the one-way property of hash function can't be broken if the hash function is properly created.

Attack B:

Suppose h() is the hash function. And h(x) = m where x is the string and m is the hash. Then trying to find another string y such that h(y) = m is called finding out the second pre-image of the hash.

Although we can't know the exact initial string for sure, we can by using brute force method find out a second preimage.

This attack will take a very long time. It has the time complexity of 2n. It requires the attacker to have an idea about the kind of passwords that might be used and then brute force all of them to find the string that has the same hash. Each try will have a chance of 1/2n to succeed.

Rainbow attack using rainbow table is often used for such brute-force attack. This comprises a rainbow table which contains passwords and their pre-hashed values.

Therefore, it is not possible to determine the second preimages of h so easily.

Attack C:

Collisions refer to finding out m and m' without knowing any of them. Finding out collisions is easier than finding preimages. This is because after finding out 2n pairs of input/output. The probability of two of them having the same output or hash becomes very high. The disadvantage is that we can't decide which user's hash to break. However, if I do not care about a particular user but want to get as many passwords as possible, then this method is the most feasible.

It has the time complexity of 2n/2.

Hence, this is the attack which has the most success rate in this scenario.

Question (b)

The brute force way of finding out the password usually involves using a rainbow attack. It comprises a rainbow table with millions of passwords and their hashes already computed. By matching that table against the database, the password can be recovered.

Therefore it is often preferred to salt the password. It means we add some random text to the password before calculating the hash.

The salts are usually long strings. Although users usually do not select long passwords, so a rainbow table with hashes of smaller passwords is feasible. But once salt is used, the rainbow table must accommodate for the salt also. This makes it difficult computationally. Although password might be found in the rainbow table. The salt can be anything and thus, make brute-force a LOT more difficult computationally.

Therefore salt is preferred to be added to passwords before computing their hash value.

Question (c)

A hash output length of 80 means there can be exactly 280 different hash values. This means there is at least one collision if 280+1 random strings are hashed because 280 values are used to accommodate all the possible strings. It is not hard with today's computation power to do match against more than this many strings. And doing so increases the probability of exposing a probable password of a user.

Hence, 80 is not a very secure value for the hash length.

cheers i hope this helps!!!!

6 0
3 years ago
) What is the ""Phantom Inspector""? (
matrenka [14]

Answer:

 Phantom inspection is the process of finding various defects in the documents according to the . Basically, it is a group of meeting that usually provide the synergy effects and the maximum defects can easily be detected. This entire process is known as phantom inspector.  

It is also made some assumptions regarding the inspection that is made by one and more than one individual.

This process are usually done by inspecting the each operation output with the given output requirements.

4 0
2 years ago
Which of the following statements about personality are true? Check all of the boxes that apply.
kupik [55]

Answer:

- personallity is an individual's unique combination of attitudes, behaviors, and characteristics.

-(maybe)Being aware of personality characteristics helps people identify their natural abilities and determine  potential careers.

Explanation:

hope helped

7 0
3 years ago
The five types of personal computers are: desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and
shepuryov [24]

Answer:

microcomputers

Explanation:

8 0
3 years ago
1. Information integrity ensures that data can be modified only by appropriate mechanisms.
GrogVix [38]

Answer:

1. True

2. True

3. False

4. False

Explanation:

1. Information integrity is a term in computer business that describes the degree of accuracy, reliability and dependency of an information content, process and system.

The main purpose of Information integrity is to prevent or protect information from accidental or intentional but unauthorized changes.

Hence, it helps to ensure that data can be modified only by appropriate mechanism.

2. Pairing threats with vulnerabilities is a pair of risk analysis, that sets to determine the type of vulnerabilities a system or organization has, which can be paired with valid threats. Hence, the kind of risk involved in the vulnerability threats, can then be addressed.

3. Knowledge based identification (authentication) system which involves password or PIN are the most common form of authentication methods. Ranges from different devices such as phones and PC to platform such as website.

4. Biometric is a type of user authentication that relies on the measurement and calculation of the shape of the body, such as fingerprint, palm veins, face recognition, DNA, palm print, hand geometry, iris recognition, retina and odour/scent. It is often referred to as Physiological characteristics of Biometric system.

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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