The branches work against eachother when it comes to laws. The legislative branch makes laws, but the President can veto those laws with a Presidential Veto. The legislative branch makes laws, but the judicial branch can declare those laws unconstitutional.
A. Great Britain granted independence.
The quota system limited the amont of foreigners/immagrants allowed in the US from each different foreign country.
Th group affected most by this were the Europeons.