What are three lines of evidence thst support the theory of evolution

1 answer:

8 0

According to kagmi on yahoo these are three lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution.

The fossil record shows the existence of billions of extinct species. It also shows a clear progression from one species to the next; there are many "transitional fossils," such as the archeoptryx (probably spelled that wrong, lol) which is clearly an intermediate in the evolution of dinosaurs into birds.

<span>Biogeography shows the distribution of species, providing further support that different species can and do evolve from common ancestors. Australia has many species of marsupials not found on other continents, for example; this implies that these species may have shared a common ancestor which lived on Australia when it was separated from the other continents by continental drift. </span>

<span>Molecular biology allows us to analyze genes and proteins down to the very molecules that make them up. This reveals many similarities and differences between organisms not readily apparent to the naked eye. We can see, for example, that humans share the vast majority of their DNA with all mammals; slightly less with reptiles; slightly less with amphibians, and so on. We find that species' DNA sequences match up well with the fossil record in terms of how closely related the species are. </span>

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Q - Describe the Mitoses with the help of diagram. write its different phares and explain them.

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Mitosis is a type of cell division in which single haploid cell (n) or diploid cell (2n) divides into two haploid or diploid daughter cells that are same as the parent.

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells of plants and animals. In this cell division, the two daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as that in the parent cells.

Mitosis consists of four basic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

1.Prophase:-

It is the first visible stage in karyokinesis. The chromosomes appear as long coiled threads called chromatids. The chromatin becomes shorter, thicker and visible due to the condensation of DNA. The chromatins are now called chromosomes. Stainability of nucleus increase. Each chromosome starts to splits longitudinally into two sister chromatids. These sister chromatids are attached to each other at the centromere. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus start to disappear and by the end, it will be completely disappeared.

ii. Metaphase:-

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus completely disappears and simultaneously appearance of spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are attached to the centromere of a chromosome. The chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane. The process of gathering of chromosomes in equator is called congressional and plate formed is called metaphasic plate.

iii. Anaphase:-

The centromere of each chromosome splits into two sister chromatids and forms two daughter chromosomes. The daughter chromosomes are pulled towards the poles due to the contraction of spindle fibres and stretching of interzonal fibers. During polar movement, the chromosomes show different shapes i.e. J, U, V, L or I shaped in appearance. At the end of anaphase, each pole will get one set of daughter chromosomes. It is the shortest phase and is also known as a migratory phase.

iv. Telophase:- The daughter chromosomes reach respective poles and uncoil and become thin, long and visible. The spindle fibres start disappearing and finally disappear. The nuclear membrane and the nucleolus reappear.

Two nuclei are formed at the end of telophase. Both the nuclei have the same number of chromosome as the parent cell. It is the last visible stage of karyokinetic and is also known as reorganization phase.

It is followed by cytokines or division of cytoplasm.

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