A or D are possible ways to check effectiveness of a paragraph
stigma: a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something
The answer is more than likely A. present progressive form.
The human-animal bond is a mutually beneficial and dynamic relationship between people and animals that is influenced by behaviors essential to the health and wellbeing of both. This includes, among other things, emotional, psychological, and physical interactions of people, animals, and the environment.
Hope this helps !!