Maximum Thrift is a method / philosophy that considers the shortest tree (in number of transformation steps) the best hypothesis about the phylogenetic relationship of a given set of terminals. Transformation step is the cost attributed to the change of character state in a given branch of the tree, be it the change from one nucleotide base to another, amino acids, or the color of an animal's iris. The fewer transformations, the shorter the tree, and therefore the more parsimonious. In this method, what programs do is to investigate as many alternative topologies as possible (or all if their array has less than 25 terminals; see more details below) given their character array. Each will be measured, and the shorter (optimal) trees will be retained as the most parsimonious result.
Hey there,
Answer: Alcohol fermentation is done my using yeast and other kinds of bacteria. These mico-organisms convert sugars into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
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<em>~Top♥</em>
Answer:
The correct answer is d all of the above
Explanation:
There are many reasons behind increasing the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide such as
1 Burning of fossil fuels such as coal,petroleum increases the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
2 Increase in Argiculture also increases the level of green house gases such as CO2.
3 Clearing of lands for increasing population and agriculture by cutting down trees also adversely effect the normal 02:CO2 ratio in the atmosphere.
