The Christians and muslims
President Lincoln used ethos in, "<span>I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States of America, and Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy.." to proclaim his justification and position for his Emancipation Proclamation for the legitimate action rather than just advocation for it.
For such an issue, the highest office in the country needed to act in such a way.</span>
It was because they didn't have the bill of rights, like they were used to in the Magna Carta when they were apart of the English colonies.
C, because the people should continue to fight, or they have betrayed their fallen comrades