Racial policies were mostly those that dealt with the issue of slavery at first and later with the issue of civil rights. Court's decision to have the anti-slavery acts and to later have the civil war acts impacted African-Americans a lot. A case when it comes to ethnicity is for example the court's decision that affirmative action can often be treated as positive racism and that such laws and policies have to pass strict scrutiny and be analyzed to prevent discrimination. Religious groups often had court problems because of issues regarding homosexuality or abortions in which it was established that religious groups have all the freedom to believe what they want but same-sex marriages and abortions can be provided to all people regardless of religion.
The 16th, 19th, and 26th amendment changed the relationship between the state and federal government by giving more control to the federal government.
For example, the 16th amendment resulted in the creation of the federal income tax. This resulted in a consistent stream of revenue going to the federal government. Before this time, many taxes were decided by state governments.
The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. This ensured that all states that had laws against women being able to vote would now have to get rid of these laws.
The 26th amendment gave citizens 18 years or older to vote. This infringed upon the rights of state governments as well, as they were the ones who decided the voting age for citizens within their state.
The protectionism adds a new kind of tax on the imports called Tariff. With the Tariff, the price of imports is increased, and becomes more expensive than locally produced products. This will protect the domestic economy.
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