Booker T. Washington was a former slave who would manage to get a comprehensive education that allowed him to become the first principal of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, a school for the education African-American teachers. He helped collect funds to open numerous community schools and universities for African-American students. He also lobbied state and federal governments for funding and support of educational venues and opportunities for African-American students. He brokered a famous agreement called the Atlanta Compromise, in which he obtained concessions from the Southern White Establishment in favor of expanding educational venues and opportunities for African-Americans in exchange of their acceptance of Southern White supremacy (though he also secretly funded African American organizations that legally fought to eliminate such supremacy and all other forms of institutional racism and discrimination. He was so popular and accepted that he was the first African-American leader invited to the White house by president Theodore Roosevelt to dine with him and his family which won a great deal of political support for the cause of education opportunities for African Americans.
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The Indian Removal Act also known as the "Trail of Tears" was a policy promoted by President Andrew Jackson. Many tribes in the southern states were forced to move west into a territory that was marked for tribal lands.
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The 13th Amendment.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Explanation: The 13th amendment stated that the only time American citizens could be enslaved was for punishment for a crime. This law had a particularly adverse effect on African Americans, as they were often wrongfully criminalized and incarcerated at a much higher rate. So in essence, they often remained slaves when they were incarcerated. Before the Civil War slave codes were implemented in the south to restrict the movement of slaves. These laws (for example) stopped slaves from gathering together in groups at churches, from bearing arms and from reading and writing. The idea was to perpetuate and maintain the system of slavery. After the war was over southerners passed Black Codes, which were laws that greatly restricted the lives of free Blacks. After slaves were free, southerners were upset and tried to put Black people back into a position that was as close to slavery as possible. The Black Codes would eventually evolve into Jim Crow laws, which was a system of laws that criminalized Blackness and insured they would be incarcerated and lose their freedom for the most minor of offenses. The primary thing Jim Crow laws did was enforce a system of legal segregation all throughout the south for many years. Its legacy still has a great impact on the US today.
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Justice, from what I believe the judicial branch is responsible for any form of violation of one's rights, for example the dred Scott case, etc.
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Because their waters provided places to hunt and fish. Also, as the rivers flooded, the lands around them became fertile. This allowed them to support farming. This is especially true of the Nile River, which flooded the same time each year.
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