Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
Excretory system and urinary system are both working to remove waste in the human body. but technically, urinary system is part of the excretory system. The excretory system includes the kidney organ which is the main and the most important organ of the urinary system, another part of the excretory systems are the large intestine and the lungs. on the other hand, urinary system aside from kidney includes ureters, urinary bladder and the urethra. when the human body produces waste products, both the excretory and the urinary work together to remove these waste products from the human body.
The following are some common procedures that we should take action of when using a bunsen burner to ensure our safety:
1. Wear safety goggles. Tie up long hair and school ties if needed. This can lower the risk of catching on fire. Put a heatproof mat underneath the Bunsen burner, put a tripod and the beaker of water for heating on top of the burner.
2. Close the air hole. Before we start up the burner, the air hole must be closed or green flame (striking back) may occur
3. light up a match or a lighter. Put it over the chimney.
4. Turn on the gas tap, you should be able to see a yellow flame now. Remove the lighter or match and open the air hole. We should have a blue flame by now.
5. the water should start to heat up. Never touch the hot beaker with bare hands.
6. When the water is heated up to the temperature they wanted to, it's time to close the air hole and turn off the gas tap.
7. If they need to move the hot beaker, use heat protection gloves
These should be the correct procedures that they should follow in order to heat the water safely.
Hope it helps!
By using google translate cause you can write it down on a piece of paper and give it to her
