Answer:
ribosome- decoding the message and the formation of peptide bonds
mitochondria- generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
vacuole- maintain water balance
chloroplast- convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy
Explanation:
Answer:
<em>Asthma and COPD are both chronic lung diseases. COPD is mainly due to damage caused by smoking, while asthma is due to an inflammatory reaction. COPD is a progressive disease, while allergic reactions of asthma can be reversible.</em><em>With asthma, the swelling is often triggered by something you're allergic to, like pollen or mold, or by physical activity. COPD is the name given to a group of lung diseases that include emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Emphysema happens when the tiny sacs in your lungs (called alveoli) are damaged</em><em>.</em>
Explanation:
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Answer:
The answer is statement 1, 2, and 3
Explanation:
A hypothesis is a starting point for further investigation, therefore a hypothesis will always be a possibility at least until it is tested.
Variable is a factor that is liable to vary or change.
A hypothesis without being tested is merely a statement or an explanation made on the basis of limited evidence. Therefore it is unsure whether the said statement is true or not.
A hypothesis can still be proven by further investigation with different variables
C. If your hypothesis is proven then it eventually becomes true. The exact definition for scientific theory is an explanation that can be proved with repeated explanation.
Answer:
(C) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have an additional active site that binds to non-cognate tRNAs. The tRNAs that bind to this second active are hydrolyzed and released from the enzyme.
Explanation:
In case of translation, proof reading is done by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases only. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have two mechanisms to avoid error during translation which are mentioned as under:
<u>(1) Chemical proof reading:</u> Incorrect amino acids rather than being hydrolyzed in catalytic pocket get hydrolyzed in editing pocket and thus they hardly get attached to tRNA.
For example: For distinguishing similar amino acids like isoleucine and valine, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase uses a second active site which is meant for only valine not for isoleucine. In this particular site, valine which had entered the enzyme is cleaved away with the help of editing reaction after which the enzyme is well prepared to process isoleucine which is the correct amino acid for this enzyme.
<u>(2) Kinetic proof reading: </u>Even if an incorrect amino acid has entered a particular aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, it does not cause appropriate conformational change in the enzyme because of which the incorrect amino acid loosens from the enzyme and does not get incorporated.
Note: In this example, only chemical proof reading is mentioned not kinetic proof reading.
