Answer:
Important causes of the French Revolution were social causes, political causes and financial difficulties.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, France was ruled by an absolute government. The king had all the political power. Louis XIV and the kings who came after him were despots. Unlike rulers such as Frederick the Great of Prussia, they were not lightened despots. For example, anyone who criticized the government could be arrested and put in prison without trial. Louis XIV at least ruled this country efficiently. Last French kings were not good rulers. Louis XIV was king at the time of the French Revolution. He was more interested in hunting than governing France. He and his Austrians queen, Marie Antoinette, lived an extravagant life at the Palace of Versailles. They did not really care about the state of their country. The government was inefficient, unjust and corrupt. There were too many government departments, different laws in different parts of the country and officials. Many people became angry about the way France was governed. They could do nothing to change it. The French Parliament was called the Estates-General. It was made up of the First Estate- churchmen or clergy, the Second Estate- nobility, the Third Estate- commoners. The Estate- General had not met since 1614. It could not meet without consent of he king. It had no political power. .
During the 18th century, the French government spent more money than it collected in taxes. By 1788, the country was bankrupt. .
Most of the money was kept on wars. France had been at war for nearly 50 years out of the previous one hundred years. France supported the Americans in the American War of the Independence. After the war, France was in financial ruin. The Bourbon kings on palaces, entertainment and gifts to favorites also spent large sums of money. Because the government spent a lot of money, taxes were high.
Unrest in the Russian military and civilian population first lead to revolution in 1917.
A revolution in which in just nine days emperor lost its power and a new system was established had its own silent movers a century earlier
social, economic and political structures. The peasants ’susceptibility to the landowners was the cause of most riots, resulting in thousands of strikes.
Explanation:
- Attached to a whole host of troubles and the First World War, which Russia entered with quite a few poor economic situation, which wasn't help
ed by mobilization which made workers and peasants to be dragged to the battlefield, leaving the fields and factories empty.
- Without a strong economy, Russia has been easily defeated, together with the overall dissatisfaction of soldiers, and numerous desertions that weakened the power of the Russian army.
- Despite requests to transfer part of the government to other authorities in the country, Nicholas II strengthened his power by proclaiming himself Commander-in-Chief of the Army, which did not help the successes of the war because he changed the decisions of experienced generals, who ended up with military service and some of their lives due to opposition.
- In the capital of Russia, on February 25, 1917 a mass strike erupts, which began with mobilization of disgruntled masses two days before. The revolutionaries succeeded in provoking the resignation of the government and freeing political prisoners, and the next aim was to overthrow the emperor. A new government was formed, which officially created a dual power, but it did not fight for power had equal partners.
Class: History
Level: Middle school
Keywords: Revolution, riots, Nicholas II
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