Roland takes a walk through the desert. While there, he becomes extremely thirsty. To quench his thirst, he drinks a bottle of c
old water. The water pleasantly refreshes him and he plans on bringing water more often on his desert hikes. Which type of operant conditioning in occurring in the scenario? A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. positive punishment D. negative punishment
Positive reinforcement involves adding a pleasant stimulus after a behavior which makes the behavior to likely take place again in the future. When a desired reward or event occurs after an action, that specific behavior or response will be enhanced. From the question, positive reinforcement is the type of operant conditioning that is occurring in the scenario. There is addition of a reinforcing stimulus (Roland drinks a bottle of cold water) following a behavior (thirst). The addition of the stimulus brings a desired outcome because he feels refreshed after taking the water, and it increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future.
The mantle is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior. The mantle lies between Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust. The mantle is about 2,900 kilometers thick, and makes up 84% of Earth's total volume.
