So the answer can be either/or a direct representation, or pluralistic representation.
Answer:
A specific failure of the Reconstruction was that governments of Southern states passed JIm Crow laws.
Abraham Lincoln did on March 3 1865
Many maintain that the primary cause of the war was the Southern states' desire to preserve the institution of slavery. Others minimize slavery and point to other factors, such as taxation or the principle of States' Rights. ... All four states strongly defend slavery while making varying claims related to states' rights.