Answer:
Generally, mammals have a pair of bran-shaped kidneys. The mammalian kidney has 2 distinct regions, an outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla. Both regions are packed with microscopic excretory tubules, nephrons, and their associated blood vessels. Each nephron consists of a single long tubule and a ball of capillaries, known as glomerulus. The blind end of the tubule forms a cup-shaped swelling called Bowman’s capsule, that surround the glomerulus. From Bowman’s capsule, the filtrate passes through 3 regions of the nephron which are proximal tubule, the loop of Henle. A hairpin turns with a descending limb and an ascending limb and the distal tubule. The distal tubule empties into a collecting duct, which receives processed filtrate from many nephrons. The many collecting ducts empty into the renal pelvis, which is drained by ureter.
For the structure of nephron, each nephron is supplied with blood by an afferent arteriole, a branch of the renal artery that subdivides into the capillaries of the glomerulus. The capillaries converge as they leave the glomerulus, forming an efferent arteriole. It is surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule. The double-walled epithelial Bowman’s capsule is formed by the invagination of the blind end of the nephron. The glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule form the first region of the nephron and is known as the renal corpuscle or the Malpighian body. The capillary walls are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells with openings between them with a diameter 50-100nm. These cells are pressed up against basement membrane which completely envelops each capillary, separating the blood in the capillary from the lumen of Bowman’s capsule. The inner layer of the Bowman’s capsule is composed of a cell called podocytes which have arms that give off structures resembling tube-feet called foot processes or secondary processes. The secondary processes support the basement membrane and capillaries beneath it and gaps between the processes (slit pores) facilitate the process of filtration. The Malpighian body leads into the remainder of the tubule.
I am not sure about the second one, but I know the first one.
The answer is D.
"An irregular galaxy is a galaxy that does not have a distinct regular shape, unlike a spiral or an elliptical galaxy. Irregular galaxies do not fall into any of the regular classes of the Hubble sequence, and they are often chaotic in appearance, with neither a nuclear bulge nor any trace of spiral arm structure."
Answer:
C. A chain of amino acids
Explanation:
Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. ... These proteins bind and carry atoms and small molecules within cells and throughout the body.
Herbicides are a broad category of pesticides that are used to get rid of undesirable plants like weeds and grasses that hinder the development and productivity of desired agricultural crops. Both 2,4-D and 2,4,5T are also known as 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and
- Herbicides like 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are also referred to as auxin-type herbicides or plant growth regulators. Auxins are hormones that affect cell division and elongation in order to control cell growth.
- Auxins are required by plant cells in the proper concentration for growth and development. If auxin levels are too low, plant growth is not promoted at all, and if levels are too high, plant growth is excessively stimulated.
- Most grasses are not killed by 2,4-D and 2,4,5 T, but broadleaf weeds are. It moves to the plant's meristems after being absorbed through the leaves.
- These herbicides affect the tissues' cells, causing them to continually divide and proliferate. The plant finally dies as a result of this unchecked, unsustainable growth, which also causes stem curling and withering of the leaves.
Thus, by promoting cell division, these compounds act as herbicides.
Learn more about herbicides:
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Answer:
Pericentric, inversion loop.
Explanation:
Chromosomal inversion may be defined as the rearrangement of chromosome that may get reversed and attached. Two main types of inversion are pericentric inversion and paracentric inversion.
The pericentric inversion involves the inversion of chromsome and centromere is involved in this inversion. M Q P O • N R S T , in this case centromere is present and shows the pericentric inversion. The structure that forms during the synapsis is known as inversion loop.
Thus, the answer is pericentric, inversion loop.
