Answer:
D.
Explanation:
Externality
This is a result of industrial or commercial activity which affects other parties without this being reflected in market prices. It is used to refer to the cost or benefit received by a third party. In a externality situation, the third party has no control over the creation of the cost or benefits.
Roads maintained with tax on gasoline has no externality. This is because the tax is imposed on the road users through tax. There is no third party benefiting or incurring cost from the maintenance of of road with tax on gasoline.
Apart from the other options which are good examples of externality, a common one used to explain the term is a person smoking cigarette, which can create passive smoking for those around.
I won't go into too much details but the Asian country that defeated Russia in war, namely the Russo-Japanese war(1904-05) was Japan.
It was a conflict based on good military strategy. It all started because Japan wanted Korea as a province but Russia did not allow that to happen so Japan tried to negotiate to get Korea in exchange that Russia could keep Manchuria but Russia refused and negotiations broke down so Japan thought of an alternative...war.
Japan knew that Russia had a massive army but Japan had a very mobile and well trained army so they used that to their advantage. So the Japanese fleet open fired on the Russia Eastern Fleet in Port Arthur which eventually got destroyed. As Russia suffered humiliating defeats, the country thought it could beat Japan but Japans strategy proved superior so they defeated Russia in many battles. So in order to prevent a total "defeat", Russia asked for Peace (U.S as the middleman)which gave Japan some of what it wanted but not all. This caused both countries to be dissatisfied...
The best definition for pastoralism is the quality or the style of characteristic of pastoral writing.
Hope this "definition" finally helps!
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Judicial review is basically to determine whether the acts of other components of the government are in accordance with the constitution. In simpler terms, to make sure laws and actions are constitutional
