Answer:
People sold off bank stocks, making them worthless.
Explanation:
The Stock Market Crash of 1929 caused a series of bank runs which destroyed the people's trust in the banking system. It began as a rumor that the banks were unable to pay cash which then transcended to panic among customers causing them to withdraw their funds en masse. They also spent little thus causing a stagnant economy. People withdrew their cash from the banks thus causing the solvency of many banks.
Banks in turn liquidated their loans and sold their assets at very low costs.
Right now, I would call them "diaspora" if they're more dispersed (Armenian diaspora is quite well-known) or a "community", for example "French community" if they're more closely in contact.
If they reject their new land's law and intend to include this land into their old one, they could be "colonizers".
Answer:
1. headquartered - placing the business operations center in a location
2. aerospace - industry that designs and manufactures aircraft
3. bygone era - earlier time period
Langston hughes is the speaker