The rotating movement along the earth's axis
They are both biotic factors because they affect living organisms. The abiotic factor a lion and deer needs is water because they need to stay hydrated but water is not living . Deers eat plants, plants are known as biotic factors too. And lions eat their prey which are living animals and once they are preyed upon they are still considered biotic because they were once living before getting consumed by the lion.
Answer: Normally, the invasive species can reproduce rapidly because their environment has no/lacks predators and pests.
D most likely. That makes the most sense m.