Question

Describe the process by which DNA is uses to make proteins

Answer 1

The first step is transcription. Information regarding which protein is to be made is copied (transcribed) from DNA onto messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.

The next step is translation. mRNA then leaves the nucleus and carries this information to the ribosomes of the cell where the information is decoded in a process called translation.

The ribosomes are known as the work benches of the cell.  With the help of another type of RNA called transfer RNA or tRNA in short, amino acids are fetched from the pool in the cytoplasm and are linked in the order of the translated information forming a polypeptide chain which is the protein.

The protein is then packed in vesicles and transported into the mitochondria for the final modification before being released to its final destination.