Answer:
Antibiotic resistance can evolved in bacterial population in the following ways:
Explanation:
- In response to constant exposure to antibiotics some members of a bacterial population develop some beneficial mutations in some essential genes that gives them survival advantage in terms of food and space over the sensitive bacterial strains and hence they are capable of out-competing the sensitive bacteria.
- This happens due to the process of Natural Selection.
- These genes are called antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria usually carry them on plasmids in form of cassettes where genes resistant to multiple drugs are incorporated. These plasmids are called the MDR or Multi-Drug Resistance Plasmids.
- These resistant plasmids can be easily transferred among bacterial populations by conjugation, transformation or transduction or direct plasmid transfer.
- The resistant genes encode for proteins that render the drug ineffective by promoting their efflux from the cells, preventing their entry into the cell, chemically modifying them such that they become non-functional or altering the target site of the drug.
The branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts is called ___Anatomy_____.
C. often because t<span>here are three major types of </span>plate<span> boundaries. If </span>two<span> tectonic </span>plates<span> collide, they form a convergent </span>plate<span> boundary. Usually, one of the converging </span>plates<span> will move beneath the other, which is known as subduction. Deep trenches are often formed where tectonic </span>plates<span> are being subducted and earthquakes are common</span>
Answer:
Explanation: Renewable source are energy that is derived from the environment this include sun, wind. This energy have been utilized by many nations and companies for their activities. Fossil fuel is an example of non- renewable. The advantage of renewable energy include; It ability to be available all the time, they are renewed and always available this include sun, wind.
They are cost efficient this is because renewal of this energy is at no cost,they are available in the environment and can be channel for use.
They require no cost of transportation unlike other fossil fuel that will be moved from one place another and they are eco-friendly they do not bring fear of ozone layer depletion and green house gases.
Answer:
Explanation:
Ozone is a gas composed of three atoms of oxygen. Ozone occurs both in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at ground the level.Ozone at ground level is such a harmful air pollutant, because of its nasty effects on people and the environment, and it is the main ingredient in a type of air pollutant called “smog."
