The reasons for high export instability in LDCs than DCs are: Specialization in production and exports of primary products, Commodity Concentration and geographical concentration of export markets (Hock, 2007).
Answer:
Part A:
Labur Productivity:
For US=5.14, LDC=1.35
Capital Productivity:
For US=1.72 LDC=4.31
Part B:(Multi factor productivity)
For US=1.29 LDC=1.03
Part C: (Raw material productivity)
For US=4.90 LDC=10.02
Explanation:
Part A:
Labur Productivity:
For US:

For LDC:

Capital Productivity:
For US:

For LDC:

Part B:
For US:

For LDC:

Part C:
For US:

ForLDC:
Converting Raw material FC into $ (1$=10FC)
Raw Material =19550/10=$1955

This is an example of "trade diversion".
Exchange redirection is a monetary term identified with global economic aspects in which exchange is occupied from a more productive exporter towards a less proficient one by the arrangement of free trade agreement. In a international trade circumstance, a business that can offer a lower cost item for importation into a specific nation has a tendency to make an exchange redirection far from another importer or nearby makers whose costs are higher for a comparative item.
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "C": does not have physical substance, yet often is very valuable.
Explanation:
Physically, intangible assets do not exist but they are important since they represent potential revenue. Types of intangible assets include brand recognition, intellectual property and legitimate patents such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights. Intangible Assets do not have value for accounting recording purposes.