Fragmentation and a local orientation
<span>I'm pretty sure its the Kings and slaves.</span><span />
The answer to the question above is Encomienda.
By means of land-labor grants called encomienda, Spanish entrepreneurs were entitled to use forced indigenous or imported slave labor to exploit natural resources to the New World. Encomienda is a Spanish labor system in which a colonists has the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the local inhabitants of the colony.
Chen Sheng led the rebellion against Qin Er Shi
Its A, because Alexander the great was successful so it can't be B, the city states did unite to defeat persia so it can't be C, and Rome conquering Carthage is irrelevant because Carthage was in Africa so can't be D. Its A because sparta and Athens hated each other, after all the city states united to defeat Persia they separated again and eventually Sparta and Athens had the Peloponnese.