It turns into gasthat's what your answer will be
D) It modernized farms and rural areas
Hope I helped :)
A is the correct answer.
Scienter is when a party to a contract has the knowledge and intent to deceive the other party.
Since there are no options to choose from, my best answers would be:
encourages, discourages
********* Note I am not 100% sure that this is correct. This is just my best effort to help. *******************************************************************************