Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision effectively overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education.
This policy is known as COLONIZATION.
Colonization refers to the action of settling down among foreign indigenous people and establishing control over them. Politically, this action is usually carried out by powerful countries. The Europeans were able to colonize Africa, America and India.
Mercantilism- beliefs in the benefits of profitable trading
import- bringing food into a country
export- sending goods to another county
enumerated article- goods that the english colonies exported to england
legislature- the legislative body of a country or state
indentured servant- a person who has contracted to work unpaid for a few years in exchange to come to north america
navigation acts- a declaration that only English ships would be allowed to bring goods into England
dominion of new england- a union of English colonies covering New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies
english bill of rights- an act signed into law in 1689 by William III and Mary II
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Answer:
Islam as a religion began with the message which was spread by Islam’s Prophet and God’s Messenger Muhammad ibn Abdallah in the Arabian Peninsula in 610 CE and which was contained in the Qur’an, God’s revelation to Muhammad. After Muhammad’s death in 632, his followers, the Muslims, embarked on successive waves of conquest of the Middle East and beyond; within less than a century, they had political and military control of virtually all the lands between India and Spain. The exercise of this control came from a state that was called the caliphate, its ruler being viewed as the caliph, or “successor,” to the Prophet Muhammad. In the first few decades, the state, based in Arabia, was simple and its ruler elected on the basis of merit. However, following the expansion, it soon turned into a complex, multi-national empire ruled by dynasties based in Syria first (the Umayyads, 661-750 CE) and then in Iraq (the Abbasids, 750-1258 CE). The caliphal system became weakened in the later ninth century, and by the tenth century, real power had moved to several local dynasties although the caliph remained the nominal head of the empire. The Abbasid empire and most of the local dynasties were overrun and practically destroyed by the Mongol invasion of the Middle East in 1258. That invasion ended not only the early phase of Islamic history, but also the “Golden Age” of Islamic civilization, which had been developing slowly from the beginning of this period. The “Golden Age” refers to the period when the varied contributions of Islamic civilization reached their peak in both the indigenous Islamic disciplines (such as Islamic law) and the newly imported disciplines of late antiquity (such as philosophy).
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Answer:
B. forming committees of correspondence
