1- The correct answer is D, the route he followed took an extraordinary amount of time, as he had to surround all the African Continent to reach India.
Looking for a shorter route, many European explorers continued his exploration trips.
2- The correct answer is B, to gain direct access to spices. Until Vasco da Gama, the European traders had to pay taxes to the muslims in Middle East to go through their territories to reach the East Indies and its spices. But when the explorers found new routes, this situation finished.
An important difference between Edison‘s inventions and those dire industrial technologies after the civil war was Edison's early inventions did not favour mass production of goods.
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The emergence of urgency for new industrial technologies resulted in the invention of many crucial machines and devices. These technologically advanced machines proved beneficial in undertaking mass production of commodities.
The early inventions of Thomas Alva Edison were not relevant to the contemporary need of the industry as the inventions were that of the phonograph and the incandescent bulb.
Number one; hierarchy authority, the few top ranking officials.
Number two; job specialization, everyone has a job.
Number three; formalize rules, set established rules. All used to create efficiency
The 14th amendment did much to educate and provide jobs for newly freed slaves following the end of the civil war.