Question

What effect does the heating of Earth have on air and water movement

Answer 1

Heating of the Earth due to the Sun's rays causes convection currents of air upwards. The warm air moves upwards, while cool air from nearby regions fills in the lower areas.
Heating of the Earth can cause warm water currents that flow from hot areas like near the equator and tropical areas, while cold water currents flow from the arctic and antarctic regions and the temperate regions.
Areas closer to water bodies have a moderating effect. In the morning the cool sea breeze comes over the land and keeps the temperature lower than it would have been as the Sun rises up. In the evening, the warm sea breeze comes in over the land, and thus the night temperature is higher than it would have been when the sun has set.
Mountains cause rain carrying heavy dark clouds to rise up, and pass over it. As a result of this, the clouds tend to precipitate and shed the water as rain on the Mountain slopes. These form streams and rivers, and continue to flow usually throughout the year.