Raoult's law (/ˈrɑːuːlz/ law) is a law of thermodynamics established by French chemist François-Marie Raoult in 1887. [1] It states that the partial vapor pressure of each component of an ideal mixture of liquids is equal to the vapour pressure of the pure component multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture. In consequence, the relative lowering of vapour pressure of a dilute solution of nonvolatile solute is equal to the mole fraction of solute in the solution.
Mathematically, Raoult's law for a single component in an ideal solution is stated as
{\displaystyle p_{i}=p_{i}^{\star }x_{i}},
where {\displaystyle p_{i}} is the partial pressure of the component {\displaystyle i} in the gaseous mixture (above the solution), {\displaystyle p_{i}^{\star }} is the vapor pressure of the pure component {\displaystyle i}, and {\displaystyle x_{i}} is the mole fraction of the component {\displaystyle i} in the mixture (in the solution).[2]
Once the components in the solution have reached equilibrium, the total vapor pressure of the solution can be determined by combining Raoult's law with Dalton's law of partial pressures to give
{\displaystyle p=p_{\rm {A}}^{\star }x_{\rm {A}}+p_{\rm {B}}^{\star }x_{\rm {B}}+\cdots }.
If a non-volatile solute (zero vapor pressure, does not evaporate) is dissolved into a solvent to form an ideal solution, the vapor pressure of the final solution will be lower than that of the solvent. The decrease in vapor pressure is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solute in an ideal solution.
{\displaystyle p=p_{\rm {A}}^{\star }x_{\rm {A}}}{\displaystyle \Delta p=p_{\rm {A}}^{\star }-p=p_{\rm {A}}^{\star }(1-x_{\rm {A}})=p_{\rm {A}}^{\star }x_{\rm {B}}}.
Principle of Raoult's LawEdit

Vapor pressure of a binary solution that obeys Raoult's law. The black line shows the total vapor pressure as a function of the mole fraction of component B, and the two green lines are the partial pressures of the two components.
Answer:
The type of food Bob is given.
Explanation:
An independent variable in an experiment is the variable that is changed. Here, the type of food is the only thing that is changed and the amount of water, temperature and other variables were kept constant (same). Thus, the independent variable is the type of food Bob is given.
In microbiology laboratory, broth is very vital. Its purpose is to provide growth medium for the available bacteria necessary for working on the nutrients. Broth gives steady and constant nutrients for the bacteria to quickly reproduce. It is normally a clear liquid made from bones, meat or vegetables.
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Answer:
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How are rainbows made?
A rainbow is caused by sunlight and atmospheric conditions. Light enters a water droplet, slowing down and bending as it goes from air to denser water. The light reflects off the inside of the droplet, separating into its component wavelengths--or colors
Explanation:
