Answer is Retrograde motion
Most of the time planet moves in expected path near the ecliptic which is east to west. Some times each planet turns around and moves to the east for a period of time, then it turns around to head in west direction again making a loop or zig-zag against the star background. This is called retrograde motion. Thus retrograde motion is the change of direction of the planets in loop.
A laccolith is a dome shaped intrusive body that has intruded between layers of sedimentary rock. The rising magma forces the overlying layers to rise up into a dome.
There's four stages in the classical demographic transition model:
Stage 1 - Pre-transition
In this stage, the birth rates are very high, but also the life expectancy is very low, thus the growth of the population is slow.
Stage 2 - Early transition
In this stage, the birth rates are very high, but the life expectancy is increased, so the population grows rapidly.
Stage 3 - Late transition
In this stage, the birth rates decline slightly, and the life expectancy is a bit higher, thus the population growth is slowing down.
Stage 4 - Post-transition
In this stage, the birth rates are declined significantly, the life expectancy is pretty high, so the population is either growing very slowly, or it is declining.
