Chain reaction
Nuclear energy
Explanation:
Question 1:
Chain reaction:
A reaction in which when one occurs, it starts a series of other fission reaction is called a chain reaction.
Most nuclear reactions are chain reactions in which does not come to rest in one step like chemical reaction.
In nuclear reactions like which fusion and fission, one step leads to another until an atom attains stability or a stable product is formed.
The energy needed to sustain the chain process is produced in the previous reaction.
Nuclear energy:
The type of energy used in a nuclear power plant is called a nuclear energy. Nuclear energy is used to generate power in nuclear plant.
During a nuclear decay process, a huge amount of energy is released. This energy is channeled into electricity production and to do other useful works.
Nuclear energy is classified as a non-renewable source of energy.
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Explanation:
Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is caused by the sickle shape of the oxygen carrier molecule called hemoglobin in the blood. The hemoglobin since is a protein, therefore, is composed of the amino acids and it is the 3 D arrangement of these amino acids which provides proteins its function.
The amino acids are coded by the DNA present in the molecule therefore the shape is the result of the DNA. The mutation in the DNA causes the substitution of the glutamic acid to valine at 6th position.
The glutamic acid contains -COOH group in its R side chain which becomes C00- as a result of which the amino acid is negative and acidic in nature. This negative charge allows the formation of bonds with positive change which stabilizes the structure of the protein.
Valine is a neutral and non-polar amino acid therefore will not form any bond with the proteins and thus a stable structure is not formed. This difference in the side chain in the amino acids is the region the hemoglobin structure is changed.
