It is false that the connotations of a word have little effect on its literal meaning. Connotation are your personal feelings that a certain word evokes when you think about it/read it/write it.
For example, the word home means a house, but its connotation is usually positive - you connect it with love, warmth, etc.
The option is (D).
It is obvious the first question would be what is the text about,what does the author try to convey and how does he presents the facts to manage his goals.
The autumn one is an example of personification. I think the winter one is a metaphor. I hope this helps!
Gravity is a natural phenomenon
or
Mirages are a common desert phenomenon
Each time a new social media app is revealed to the world it becomes a phenomenon for a while and then slowly fades into unimportance
