Answer:
McCarthyism today means denying due process and civil liberties. Today, McCarthyism is synonymous with any perceived government activity that suppresses unfavorable political or social views by limiting or undermining vital civil rights and liberties under the pretext of maintaining national security.
Old Major is the allegorical figure for Karl Marx or Vladimir Lenin, depending on your interpretation of the text. Both men stood for basically the same thing, and these things was what Orwell was exploring in the novel.
If someone takes your property without your permission then the judge and the person the property was taken from has the right to say what property was his or hers. The law did not help the government maintain order because it was hard to prove the property had originally been yours and there were not punishments for stealing, they simply had to return the items.
