The stipulative definitions are those that express the meaning of the words through definitions agreed <em>by a group and a context</em>, in that sense it is different from the lexical definition because the latter is the meaning that is had for the name in a significant group as a society .
Stipulative definitions are often used to give precision to a new concept or an abstract idea, or to resignify an existing term.
Answer
B. Stipulative definitions often begin as slang among groups, as these definitions are contextual.
The author's name is Upton Sinclair.
Upton Sinclair was an American journalist and novelist. <em>'The Jungle', </em>published in 1905, exposed the harsh reality of immigrants in the United States, particularly those who worked in the meat industry.
Sinclair describes the appealing conditions in meat packing plants in the USA as a way to advance socialism. The book concentrates around the life of a Lithuanian immigrant family who came to the USA to live the American dream. It portrays working class poverty, the lack of social supports, harsh living and working conditions in the factories.
"The Jungle" did not live up to its author's expectations as most readers were more concerned about the quality of meat being packed in the factories, health violations and unsanitary practices, than the plight of the workers. This public outcry led to the creation of the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906.
The Fertile Crescent is the region in the Middle East which curves, like a quarter-moon shape, from the Persian Gulf, through modern-day southern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and northern Egypt. The term was first coined in 1916 by the Egyptologist James Henry Breasted in his work Ancient Times: A History of the Early World, where he wrote, “This fertile crescent is approximately a semi-circle, with the open side toward the south, having the west end at the south-east corner of the Mediterranean, the centre directly north of Arabia, and the east end at the north end of the Persian Gulf."
