A. endoskeleton
Endoskeleton is not a characteristic of Arthropods that has attributed to their diversity and success. Endoskeleton is defined as inner characteristics of the skeletal feature of an organisms such as bears, humans, fish and etc.
Exoskeleton on the other hand is the trait by which arthropods posses. It is skeletal feature that is described outside or is extrinsic, this is evident as crabs have their skeletons outside of their body.
Answer:
Explanation:
Species: a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
Population: a particular group or type of people or animals living in a place.
Gene pool: the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.
Mutations: the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
Lateral Gene Transfer: the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction).
Single-gene Traits: when a trait is linked to one gene-pair that consists of two alleles.
Polygenic Traits: is one whose phenotype is influenced by more than one gene.
Answer:
increases its ability to resist predation because the snails that eat it die
Question 1:
<u>Answer</u>:
The "first line of defence" in innate immunity is "Physical and chemical barriers".
<u>Explanation</u>
"Physical and chemical barriers" is first line of defence includes that are ready to defend the living organism's body from infection at any time . These barriers include your skin, cilia, tears, urine flow, mucus, stomach acid, friendly bacteria and white blood cells . Skin acts as a mechanical barrier as it does not allows all the organism to pass through it unless the skin is cut or open. Similarly mouth eyes, and nose are also the ways through with the disease causing organism can enter the body. The micro-organisms that entered through these pathways are trapped either in saliva or mucus and swallowed and later either killed in the stomach or flushed out via the urine. If this first line of defence is broken or damaged, the second line of defence inside our body will be activated.
Question 2:
<u>Answer:</u>
Histamine kinins, and interleukins are examples of inflammatory mediators.
<u>Explanation</u>:
Inflammatory mediators are identified in inflammatory bowel disease IBD.These mediators play an vital role in the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disorders. Cytokines, that are released by macrophages in due to antigenic stimuli, are binded different receptors and produce endocrine, autocrine and paracrine effects. Interleukins are a subset of a large group of 'cellular messenger molecules' called cytokines that modulates the cellular behaviour. Interleukins are not stored within cells like cytokines but they are released immediately, in response to a stimulus. Once an interleukin has been secreted, it moves to the target cell and binds to it through a receptor molecule on the surface of the cell . This interaction triggers a sequence of signals in the target cell that ultimately leads to the alteration in the behaviour of the cell.
