Common Sense by Thomas Paine was highly instrumental in convincing the colonists that they should separate from Great Britain, since it called into question the idea that such a vast and prosperous land should need the support of a small island nation (Britain).
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Federalists believed that the central government should be strong and have a lot of power. They held a loose interpretation of the Constitution, meaning they believed that, if the Constitution didn't say you couldn't do something, you could do it.