Sewage holds toxic microbes and contains a mixture of suspended impurities. When these impurities hit drinking water microorganisms begin to deteriorate the water, and uses up the dissolved oxygen with the microorganisms, making these water dangerous to drink from. Major impacts of this can include giardia, salmonella, cryptosporidium, and E. coli.
Answer:Chromatography is actually a way of separating out a mixture of chemicals, which are in liquid or gas form, by letting them flow slowly past another substance, which is either a solid or a liquid. It consist of a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
Explanation: All chromatographic systems rely on the fact that a substance placed in contact with two unmixable phases, one movable phase and one stationary phase, will equilibrate between them. A selectivity (or separation) factor (α) is used to 'chemically' distinguish between sample components. It is usually measured as a ratio of the retention (capacity) factors (k) of the two peaks in question and can be visualized as the distance between the apices of the two peaks. reproducible fraction will partition into each phase, depending on the relative affinity of the substance for each phase. A substance which has affinity for the moving or mobile phase will be moved rapidly through the system. A material which has a stronger affinity for the stationary phase, on the other hand, will spend more time immobilized in that phase, and will take a longer time to pass through the system. Therefore, it will be separated from the first substance. By definition, chromatography is a separation technique in which a sample is equilibrated between a mobile and a stationary phase. A theoritical plate or tray is used to produces the best possible difference between the liquid and vapour phases in equilibrium with it
Chromatographic separations are best done with a small amount of analyte (substance to be separated during analysis), which keeps either phase from becoming saturated with analyte, so that the concentrations in the two phases are directly proportional. Overloading the column with sample causes one of the phases to become saturated, leading to a loss of column efficiency, and poorly shaped peak profiles.
The retention volume in chromatographic separation (Vr) is the volume of the mobile phase required to carry the solute through the column to elution, is related to the column flow (Fc) and the retention time (tr). Likewise, the volume of the mobile phase(Vm), is related to the flow and the time the void volume takes to pass through the column.
Band broadening using the kinetic model is a phenomenon that reduces the efficiency of the separation being carried out, leading to poor resolution and chromatographic performance. This is problematical in terms of both the quality of the separation obtained and the accuracy with which sample components can be quantified.The wider band results in a dilution effect that produces a decrease in peak height accompanied by a loss in sensitivity and resolution. The eddy dispersion, accounts for the source of band broadening related to any flow unevenness in the column.
Answer:
The correct answer is d.
Explanation:
Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the absence and replacement of the cerebral hemispheres by cerebrospinal fluid and necrotic remains, with preservation of the membranes (leptomeninges), within a skull of normal capacity and shape. It is the most severe form of cortical destruction cerebral bilateral and is considered an extreme form of porencephaly (focal cystic cavity). It mainly affects the territory of the internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery, with preservation of the territories supplied by the vertebrobasilar arteries. The most accepted etiology is carotid vascular insufficiency, due to multiple causes (bleeding, placental thromboembolism, arteritis, vascular malformations, among others).
In aquatic plants, water passes among the tissues and provides the medium for gas exchange. In terrestrial plants, air enters the tissues, and the gases diffuse into the moisture bathing the internal cells.
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