The answer is Universal. Here is why...
The total amount of energy and matter in the Universe<span> remains constant, merely changing from one form to another. </span>
Answer:
The presence of misfolded proteins elicits cellular responses that include an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response that may protect cells against the toxic buildup of misfolded proteins [3–7].
After eating, leptin signals the hypothalamus to suppress appetite.
The principal advantage of asexual reproduction is that the organism does not have to waste time or energy looking for a mate.