As the ion channel opens and allows its movement in an energetical direction. Then it redistributes these ions in opposite direction back across the membrane.
The Na channel opens as the membrane is hyperpolarized. The averaged collective response of single channels resembles the time course of the macroscopic current. Macroscopic currents are blocked by Tetrodotoxin (TTX) but not microscopic currents.
Opening and closing of Na channels are concentration dependent. The function of ion channels inorganic ions (like Na, K, Ca or Cl) to rapidly diffuse their electrochemical gradients that is across the lipid bilayer.
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Fixation or volatilization, mineralization, nitrification, immobilization, and denitrification.
A is the anser you are looking for (jk)
