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zloy xaker [14]
3 years ago
9

"during the years the articles of confederation were in force (1781–1789), there were no national courts and no national judicia

ry. the laws of the united states were interpreted and applied as each state saw fit, and sometimes not at all. disputes between states and between persons who lived in different states were decided, if at all, by the courts in one of the states involved. often, decisions by the courts in one state were ignored by courts in the other states." this excerpt from the text explains why
History
2 answers:
kkurt [141]3 years ago
7 0
This excerpt explains why the Articles of Confederation needed to be fixed or replaced with a different constitution. The excerpt goes over several different flaws in the Articles of Confederation including:
1) No national courts to solve issues between individuals from different states.

2) No consistency in laws- In other words, states got to interpret the laws whatever way they wanted.

3) No way to enforce court rulings from state to state.

These weaknesses, plus others, resulted in the need for a new constitution. The US Constitution replaces the Articles of Confederation and is still what we follow today.
DochEvi [55]3 years ago
6 0

Right answer “ the framers of the Constitution thought it was important to have a national judiciary”

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Explain how the labor force in the Second Industrial Revolution compared to the labor force in the First Industrial Revolution.
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During the first industrial revolution, the affected nations moved from a rural economy, based on agriculture and trade, to an urban, industrialized, mechanized, simplified and, thus, overcrowded economy. In 1800 it was possible to have a sustained growth of wealth that allowed the transition to a wide use of innovative machines, especially in transport and work, abandoning animal traction and production based on manual labor.

During the second industrial revolution The exponential development of railways, while structuring a new model of international trade based on the specialized production of each country and the exchange of materials from standardized prices, also enabled huge migratory movements, like boiler boats that even transported large masses of people on intercontinental trips, as was the case of the 55 million Europeans who migrated to North America between 1850 and 1940.

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Which global process of the 19th century is being described in the passage?
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What was the society and culture like in Russia in the 18th Century? (1682-1725)
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The 18th century became truly earthshaking in the history of Russia. It was the time of radical changes caused by Peter I’s reforms. Peter the Great made a U-turn for Russia towards the West. This turn and its consequences for development of Russia and Russian culture became controversy for scientists and thinkers, from the 19th century till nowadays.

Reforms by Peter the Great can hardly be evaluated univocally because of their two-fold character. First of all, the emperor’s choice between the East and the West in favor of the latter was historically required and therefore proper. The attempts to preserve indigenous Russia intact were hardly feasible, or could lead to Russia’s losing its independence and consequently its originality.

<span>The transformations started by Peter I caused the economic growth of Russia, made it possible to expand its territory considerably due to annexation of the Crimea, Northern Black Sea Coast, the North Caucasus and thus turned it into a great and mighty empire. Thanks to victories in the Northern and the Turkish wars Russia gained the status of the Baltic and the Black Sea superpower. New large cities sprang up, </span>St. Petersburg<span>, Sevastopol, Yekaterinoslav, Yekaterinodar, </span>Yekaterinburg, and Odessa among them.

Boasting high economic and military capacity, Russia had a huge impact on the world history. At the same time grandiose reforms were crucible for the Russian people, who had to pay an enormous price for the birth of new Russia. The maximalism and uncompromising stand of Peter I sometimes turned into wild rage and ruthless cruelty. It happened even in regards to his family members, in particular to his son Alexey.

Though turning Russia to the West, he never renounced national culture and ancient traditions of Russia. He showed deep respect for the past by encouraging constructions of churches, bringing remains of Alexander Nevsky to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery built in St. Petersburg specifically for that purpose.

All the areas of public life — the state and administrative setup, economy, army, church, science and education, culture and art were subjected to deep reforming. The nature of those had two tendencies: secularization, i.e. loosening of religious control and strengthening of secular base in culture, as well as its Europeanization.

<span>In 1711 instead of the former numerous Seigniorial Council (Boyars’ Duma) (consisting of up to 190 people) Peter I established </span>the Senate<span> of 9 people, those assigned by the Emperor himself. Since then business qualities only served as selection criterion, whereas former hereditary privileges were not considered any longer. The Senate became the supreme body for legislation and public administration.</span>

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<span>The development of material culture and economy made it possible to upgrade the </span>Russian army<span>, making it one of the most modern and mighty ones. The Russian army got horse artillery, hand grenades and bayonets. However, the principal achievement in the military science of the epoch was foundation of the </span>Russian fleet<span>, the most cherished brainchild of Peter the Great.</span>
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