Answer:was a companion and, through his daughter Aisha,[1] a father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the first of the Rashidun Caliphs.
Initially a rich and respected businessman, Abu Bakr later became one of the first converts to Islam and extensively contributed his wealth in support of Muhammad's work. He was among Muhammad's closest companions,[2] accompanying him on his migration to Medina and being present at a number of his military conflicts, such as the battles of Badr and Uhud.
Following Muhammad's death in 632, Abu Bakr succeeded in the leadership of the Muslim community as the first Rashidun Caliph.[3] During his reign, he overcame a number of uprisings, collectively known as the Ridda wars, as a result of which he was able to consolidate and expand the rule of the Muslim state over the entire Arabian peninsula. He also commanded the initial incursions into the neighbouring Sassanian and Byzantine empires, which in the years following his death, would eventually result in the Muslim conquests of Persia and the Levant. Abu Bakr died of illness after a reign of 2 years, 2 months and 14 days.
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The continued trade between Arab Muslims and Indians, Islam continued to spread in coastal Indian cities and towns, both through immigration and conversion. The first great expansion of Islam into India came during the Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs, who were based in Damascus.
Montesquieu's idea is that having three branches is the best, and he uses triangles as his example. His idea is also based on the checks and balances, so that not one branch wouldn't have to much power than the other.
Mass production of printed material. Before the press, each page of a Bible, for example, could take all day to write. After the press it would take a few days to carve the stamp, but then you could print 50 copies of the page in a very short time.
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Most of the Czar didn't treat Russians or Russia in general with respect. The government wasn't doing its job to help the citizens of Russia in other words the Czar wasn't meeting the average quota in terms of responsibility to the people of that country. Which resulted in the whole of Russia disliking Czar and the way they led since they did not care about the hardships that Russian people were facing.
