They used Maginot Line. The Maginot Line was built to fulfill several purposes: To prevent a German surprise attack. ... To push Germany into an effort to circumvent via Switzerland or Belgium, and allow France to fight the next war off French soil to avoid a repeat of 1914–1918. To be used as a basis for a counter-offensive.
Authority justifies a state's use of power over its citizens.
C.
Madison's worry about factions was really about political parties, as we understand them today.
Very quickly, Madison's fears were realized. The Federalists and the Democratic Republicans fought fiercely from the outset.