Looking at the onion root tip under the microscope you can see large, rectangular cells with visible distinct cell walls surrounding it (cells have a more regular shape because of the wall). Inside the cells, you can notice darkly stained nucleus, large vacuoles at the center and sometimes small granules within the cytoplasm. Looking the onion root tip under the microscope is often the way to observe mitosis. Usually, you cannot see organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrioles and Golgi body as they appear translucent and because are too small to be seen under the light microscope (electron microscope required). Also, chloroplasts are not present in an onion cell because it is not a photosynthetic cell.
Before the Calvin cycle begins the energy is stored in bonds of ATP
Basically the seed contains 2 parts, the testa, which is the seed coat that protects the seed and cotelydon, which is the inside of the seed, containing the radical and plumle.
for seed to germinate, we need 3 basic conditions,
warmth, it is the suitable temperature for seed germination, it can influence the activity of enzymes. providing a optimum temperature
water, to soften down the testa so that the shoot can break out from the testa
and oxygen, for aerobic respiration
.
If these conditions are absent, the seed may be in the state of dormancy. where is won't germinate until it meets the suitable conduction.
after that, the enzyme will digest the nutrient inside the seed and provide amino acid, which is necessary to seed germination. and meanwhile the aerobic respiration provides energy, so that the plumlecan shoot out, and be the shoot of the plant.
and then until it grows leaves, it'll start to complete photosynthesis, instead of using the nutrients inside the cotelydon.
The commonly used site to feel a pulse is radial artery on the wrist, the point where radial artery approaches the wrist present at the middle of wrist.
When we placed our fingers in the middle of wrist, we can feel the pulse wave. That is 72 beats per minutes. The radial artery is the site of insertion of the arterial line, for monitoring the blood pressure. It is selected because it is accessible due to the low incidence of the complications such as thrombosis.
The pressure of the blood is always high in the arteries comparative to the veins, usually arteries are present deep in the body, the radial artery in only artery that approaches the skin. Hence, it is used to monitoring the pulses.
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