Question

Which statement accurately describes how identification of individuals through the use of genetic engineering is possible? 

Answer 1

A. The DNA in mitochondria is passed from mother to child in the nucleus of a cell.

A benefit of genetic engineering is the production of valuable proteins that have helped in managing of illness in human beings. Bacteria were genetically engineered to produce proteins of medical importance. One example of such a protein is human insulin which is given the name humulin and is made using E. coli bacteria.Earlier,  insulin from pig cells was used to treat patients with diabetes but many of them could not tolerate it because it has a slightly different arrangement of amino acids from that of humans and so the human body rejects it. Humulin is tolerated by the human body and so many patients are now using it to lead normal lives.

Answer 2

The identification of an individual by the means of genetic engineering is possible because the Y chromosomes in the males does not experience any crossing-over as there is only a single Y chromosome present in a human male.

The mitochondrial DNA is passed from the mother to child in the cytoplasm of the cell, and it is passed on without any changes. The X chromosome is can be passed from a mother to her son as he will receive Y chromosome from his father.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option B - The Y chromosome does not experience crossing over'.