Answer:
that one variable precedes the other in time, that the two variables are correlated and that this relationship is not spurious.
Explanation:
In <em>Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generilized Causal Inference</em> (2002), researchers Cook and Campbell present a set of conditions that must be met in order to establish a valid causal relationship: <u>one variable precedes the other in time</u> (temporal precedence), <u>the two variables are correlated</u> (covariation), <u>and that this relationship is not spurious</u> (no third variable is present).
It's True! Hope this helps! ^-^
The answer in this question is an anxiety disorder which means it is involves persistent and excessive worry that interferes with daily activities like Ian who is nervous and swallows a lot during his interview with the clinician. So Ian's behavior is most consistent with an anxiety disorder.
The answer is "nicotine withdrawal symptoms".
Nicotine withdrawal refers to a gathering of symptoms that happen in the initial couple of weeks upon the sudden cessation or reduction in admission of nicotine. A quit smoking system may enhance one's possibility for accomplishment in stopping nicotine.
Answer:
Confirmation Bias
Explanation:
Confirmation bias is how one calls the tendency to interpret, favor, recall, and search for information in a way that it only confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. Kayla is encountering a case of these propensities when she's evading data that would repudiate her convictions about the smartphone and gives uncommon consideration to the data that would bolster her decision. Also, it is important to add that the Selective Exposure theory expresses that individuals may have a propensity to favor data that strengthen their convictions while giving little consideration to data that would negate them.
