Answer:
Renin; angiotensin I and angiotensin II
Explanation:
Renin is a key hormone involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which is responsible for regulating blood pressure in response to changes in blood volume. Renin is secreted primarily by the kidneys to promote the production of the peptide hormone angiotensin in the blood vessels. Subsequently, angiotensin stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, stimulating sodium retention by the kidneys. Renin acts on its substrate angiotensinogen to yield angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Finally, angiotensin 2 promotes the release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex, which acts on renal tubules, leading to the reabsorption of sodium and water and the excretion of potassium.
Answer:
1-by transfecting small interfering RNAs against target genes of interest
2-by using comparative genomics strategies in order to infer functional relationships among target genes of interest and homologous genes responsible for virulence in other bacteria (e.g., antibiotic resistance genes)
3- by inducing mutations through site-directed mutagenesis in order to study gene function (i.e., by examining the effects of knockout mutations)
Explanation:
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), also known as complete genome sequencing, refers to Next Generation Sequencing technologies that allow the obtention of the entire genetic sequence of an organism/cell, which can be used as a reference genome to understand gene function, evolutionary relationships, etc. The information provided by WGS technologies allows making many different types of genetic analyses in order to understand gene function. First, the nucleotide reference sequence can be used to design complementary small interfering RNAs that trigger degradation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, thereby inhibiting gene function (in this case, inhibiting genes associated with virulence in the bacterial strain). Second, a reference genome is required to perform bioinformatic data analyses in order to identify homologous genes associated with virulence in evolutionarily related bacteria, allowing identify, for example, antibiotic resistance genes or sequence polymorphisms (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) associated with gene function. Third, the information provided by a reference genome can also be used to trigger site-directed mutagenesis (for example, by using the highly precise CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology) in order to knock out specific genes of interest and thus analyze if the bacterial strain is still infectious.
Archaeologists studying an archaeological site use seriation to :
<u>determine the relative age of each layer of objects</u>
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Explanation:
- The goal of archaeology is to understand how and why human behavior has changed over time.
- Archaeologists search for patterns in the evolution of significant cultural events such as the development of farming, the emergence of cities, or the collapse of major civilizations for clues of why these events occurred.
- Archaeologists use a statistical sampling method to select which squares or units they will excavate.
- They will collect surface artifacts, then remove any ground vegetation. Archaeologists screen all soil removed from a unit to recover small artifacts and ecofacts.
- Artifacts include tools, clothing, and decorations.
- Non-portable remains, such as pyramids or post-holes, are called features. Archaeologists use artifacts and features to learn how people lived in specific times and places.
- Archaeologists might study the million-year-old fossils of our earliest human ancestors in Africa.
The most appropriate answer is 3 !! and that infection is leukemia, a type of cancer , in which WBC increases !!
It works like a lock and key. The lock is the enzyme and the key is the substrate. The enzyme works as a catalyst, speeding up the reaction time.
