The environment is studied at different levels & stages.
Biosphere: The biosphere is the zone in which life exists. It consists of the atmosphere& the hydrosphere alongwith the earth surface where living beings live.
The biome is a community of plants and animals (flaura & fauna).
Community: A community is a group of people/living beings who live in a specific location. It is used to describe two or more populations of different species that exist at same place.
Population: A population is the multiple individuals or living organisms of a single species that live in an area.
The populations are formed by lalrge number of groups of organisms.
Group of populations form communities. The group of all communities form a biome, which exist in the biosphere.
The diagram shows:
Answer:
The mentioned parental types are c+m- and c-m+. Thus, the recombinants will be c+m+ and c-m-.
Now, the given distance between c and m is 8 map units. Thus, the recombinant frequency is 8% or 0.08.
The total recombinants from 1000 plaques will come out to be 80,
Thus, the recombinants of each type will be 40.
Total parental type will be 920, and therefore, each parental type count will be 460.
Thus, expected c+m- = 460, expected c-m+ = 460, expected c+m+ = 40 and expected c-m- = 40.
A, a cell wall forms between the two almost divided cells
I believe the answer is Volcanic glass